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Home Search Quick Search Advanced Fulltext Browse Collections Persons My eDoc Session History Login Name: Password: Documentation Help Support Wiki Direct access to document ID:	Institute: MPI für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik     Collection: MPI-CBG Publications 2016 (archival)     Display Documents ID: 732406.0, MPI für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik / MPI-CBG Publications 2016 (archival) Mechanisms of backtrack recovery by RNA polymerases I and II. Authors: Lisica, Ana; Engel, Christoph; Jahnel, Marcus; Roldán, Édgar; Galburt, Eric A.; Cramer, Patrick; Grill, Stephan W. Date of Publication (YYYY-MM-DD): 2016 Title of Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Volume: 113 Issue / Number: 11 Start Page: 2946 End Page: 2951 Copyright: not available Audience: Experts Only Intended Educational Use: No Abstract / Description: During DNA transcription, RNA polymerases often adopt inactive backtracked states. Recovery from backtracks can occur by 1D diffusion or cleavage of backtracked RNA, but how polymerases make this choice is unknown. Here, we use single-molecule optical tweezers experiments and stochastic theory to show that the choice of a backtrack recovery mechanism is determined by a kinetic competition between 1D diffusion and RNA cleavage. Notably, RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and Pol II recover from shallow backtracks by 1D diffusion, use RNA cleavage to recover from intermediary depths, and are unable to recover from extensive backtracks. Furthermore, Pol I and Pol II use distinct mechanisms to avoid nonrecoverable backtracking. Pol I is protected by its subunit A12.2, which decreases the rate of 1D diffusion and enables transcript cleavage up to 20 nt. In contrast, Pol II is fully protected through association with the cleavage stimulatory factor TFIIS, which enables rapid recovery from any depth by RNA cleavage. Taken together, we identify distinct backtrack recovery strategies of Pol I and Pol II, shedding light on the evolution of cellular functions of these key enzymes. External Publication Status: published Document Type: Article Communicated by: Thüm Affiliations: MPI für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik Identifiers: LOCALID:6481 The scope and number of records on eDoc is subject to the collection policies defined by each institute - see "info" button in the collection browse view.